PESTLE analysis Essay - 275 Words

PESTLE analysis (Essay Sample) Content: PESTLE analysis of absenteeism in NHS in terms of staff engagement as a challengeName:Course:Instructor:Date: Managers have not adequately addressed employee absenteeism in the NHS. The organisation has the highest number of employee absence of any sector with statistics indicating that the sickness rate among the NHS staff is 50 percent higher compared to the private sector. The 50 percent represents over 45000 employees calling in sick every day. In a study carried out by the Manchester business school, researchers concluded that fundamental changes were needed to pull the NHS out of the problem of high employee absenteeism. In another study published in the Journal of Health Services Management Research, researchers revealed that the NHS could up to 34 million if one percent fewer staff called in sick every year (The Press Association, 2011). Based on such indicators and statistics, it is clear that managers at the helm of the NHS have failed to address the proble m. Even those charged with the responsibility of ensuring reduced worker absenteeism have equally failed to tackle the problem. In the long run, high cases of worker absenteeism have resulted in reduced quality of care, waste of resources and waster of managerial and occupational health time. Many resources are directed from their core use to other non-essential uses fail to address the problem of employee absenteeism.A couple of researches carried out have established that staff engagement is the major challenge the NHS. Staff engagement can help the NHS meet the challenges of improving productivity, reducing costs and implementing organisational changes. High levels of staff engagement have been confirmed to connect to an array of constructive outcomes including for patients and to enhanced health and well-being for staff. However, to attain high engagement levels, the NHS must improve the overall experience of the employees. The employees need to feel safe in their workstations, undertake roles that count and access proper training and development. Managers must also practice effective managing while engaging the employees in organisational decision-making (Mooney, 2009). To understand the scope of these practices that seek to achieve high levels of engagement, it is important to undertake a PEST analysis, which unravels the pressures and problems experienced by the NHS employees. A PEST analysis will consider external influences essential to the NHS employees and the extent to which such changes may be significant for the future of the NHS.Political and Legal FactorsThe political aspect of the PEST analysis examines a number of issues that touch on government directives and legal obligations, employee legislation, diversity, equality and human rights legislation. It also looks at the need to improved working and living standards of employees, better healthcare standards and reports from bodies mandated with overseeing quality healthcare. Equality and diver sity are crucial to delivering quality services in the NHS. Making diversity and equality part of the strategies aimed at attaining high staff engagement is essential towards recovery. Equal representation of employees at the NHS and a depiction of diversity are instrumental in maintaining the focus in the long term (Mooney, 2009). The Equality Act in the UK has strengthened the need for equal representation in all public organisations. The changing demographics also call for diversity according to the provisions of the Equality Act. In this regard, the need to mainstream diversity and equality in the NHS becomes even more essential to how the organisation works and operates. The NHS must subscribe to the provisions of the Equality Act and commit to equal and diversified representation of workers and patients (Equality and Diversity in Practice 2013).The Care Quality Commission is a body mandated by law to ensure that all health facilities comply and meet national set standards. The commission ensures that hospitals adhere to the rights of patients and workers and provide quality healthcare to patients. Achieving this objective needs the inclusion of workers, which is part of employee engagement. Apparently, the neglect by the NHS management to incorporate employees in such crucial matters has resulted in a feeling of neglect by employees hence the high rates of absenteeism (CQC 2013).Economic factorsThe economic aspect of this analysis in relation the NHS revolves around alternative employment opportunities for the NHS workers. It also touches on the cost of living and the living standards of employees. The NHS has done little if anything to address the issue of employee living standards. Employees at the NHS feel neglected because the organisation does nothing to better their living standards. Employees lack motivation and development opportunities to better their lives, which leaves them vulnerable to seeking better employment opportunities. The NHS must ad dress the issue of rising living costs by negotiating better pay for employees (Department of Health 2012). To overcome such frustration by employees, the NHS must be inclusive in their strategies to ensure employee development by offering career growth opportunities that will help them climb the corporate ladder and earn better pay to improve their lives. The NHS must also adhere to the governments strategy for social justice that seeks to address employment issues and support the disadvantaged to live better lives. Such approached will give employees no reason to seek better jobs or be absent from work.Social factorsSocial factors include aspects such as employment and unemployment levels, community involvement in issues of quality care, balance between social and work time, population size and structure and employee attitudes towards the management and harassment during work. Cases of employee bullying and harassment have been reported at the NHS. This could be a reason for emplo yees to be absent because of fear. Such cases change the attitude of employees towards their work, which in turn affects their performance (The Press Association 2011). Employees at the NHS have been reported to have a negative attitude towards their work because of poor working conditions and harassment from management. There is also the case of balance between social and work time. The NHS management rarely approves offs for workers and workers work long hours with little rest time. Most of them op...

Dont Let Misbehavior Disrupt Your Classroom

Analysis of Sonnet 18 - 850 Words

View of the evitable In â€Å"Sonnet 18† by William Shakespeare and â€Å"Death† by John Donne, both poems describe how death is escaped. Both writers suggest that we shouldn’t fear death, because with death comes life. The use of imagery, metaphors, and personification are used to develop these themes of the sonnets. However, each sonnet addresses how they view immortality in different ways. While â€Å"Sonnet 18† focuses on immortality by capturing beauty, immortality in â€Å"Death† is viewed through a religious perspective. The speaker of the poem â€Å"Death† shows fearlessness in the first stanza of the poem. â€Å"Death be not proud, though some have called thee/Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so† (1-2). Here death is being personified and confronted†¦show more content†¦The writer makes a contradiction about the mortality of his beloved though. â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade† (9). This suggests that his belovedâ €™s beauty will not end like the season of summer does. Finally the writer explains that as long as people are alive to read poems, his beloved will be immortal because the sonnet brings life to the person he is referring to (13-14). These last stanzas reveal a metaphor that argues his beloved is better than a summer day because unlike summer, his beloved’s beauty will never fade. Both sonnets escape the inevitable because of their different views on death. While the writer of â€Å"Sonnet 18† defeats death by capturing beauty in a poem, John Donne defeats death by belief of what is to come after this life. These two poems suggest that we shouldn’t fear mortality because it only reveals life after death. Work cited Donne, John. â€Å"Death.† The Giant Book of Poetry. Ed. William Roetzhem. San Diego: Level Four Press, Inc.2006. 21. Print. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Sonnet XVIII.† The Giant Book of Poetry. Ed. William Roetzhem. San Diego: Level Four Press, Inc.2006.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Shakespeare ´s Sonnet 18 And Percy Shelleys Ozymandias994 Words   |  4 Pagesepicenter of many great works. Both William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Percy Shelley’s Ozymandias discuss love for one’s self. Although both poets utilize figurative language to describe how love can be represented, they do so in very different ways. Shakespeare employs nature to act as a symbol for the love of life. In contrast, Shelley implements metaphor and allusion to demonstrate how love is finite. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 is a love note to a young man. It was common during Shakespeare’sRead MoreShakespeare - Sonnet 116 Analysis and Interpretation887 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare – Sonnet 116 Analysis and interpretation Sonnet 116 was written by William Shakespeare and published in 1609. William Shakespeare was an English writer and poet, and has written a lot of famous plays, amongst them Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare lived in the Elizabethan era. At that time, the literature and art was in bloom, and his works are clearly characterized by that era both as language and theme goes. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, three quatrainsRead MoreTheme Of Love In Wuthering Heights922 Words   |  4 PagesLove can take many forms. Sonnet 18, undoubtedly one of Shakespeare’s most famous works and believed to be one of the most famous love poems of all time, illustrates the timelessness and true beauty of love in a natural, pure way. In contrast, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights takes a far darker, more intense yet somewhat sinister twist when exploring the themes of love, passion and cruelty. One of the greatest love stories in English literature, the love-hate passionate relationship between CathyRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnets : Reoccurring Themes1479 Words   |  6 PagesSorrow†: Reoccurring themes in Shakespeare’s Sonnets. English poet William Shakespeare is known for his astounding works around the world. Sonnets are beautifully constructed and rear lasting truths about the world we live in. All of Shakespeare’s sonnets are in the form of an English sonnet. He used this method so frequently that it has coined the term the Shakspearian sonnet. Shakespeare has written a collection of 154 sonnets’, the first 126 sonnets address a young man and the last, about a womanRead More Immortality Through Verse in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 751681 Words   |  7 PagesImmortality Through Verse in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 75  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Desiring fame, celebrity, and importance, people for centuries have yearned for the ultimately unattainable goal of immortality. Poets, too, have expressed desires in verse that their lovers remain as they are for eternity, in efforts of praise. Though Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 75 from Amoretti both offer lovers this immortality through verse, only Spenser pairs this immortality with respectRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 181231 Words   |  5 PagesShakespearean sonnets are famous for conveying the most famous of love poems; they consist of three quatrains that are written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare deviates from the regular iamb pattern of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable to represent the effect of time and how it is limited by mortality. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 illustrates the theme of immortalization and how Shakespeare eternally captures his love for poetry. It is in his ability to immortalize hisRead MoreLord Byron And William Shakespeare966 Words   |  4 Pageswords. However, it is sometimes difficult for a reader to comprehend what the poem is trying to imply, but that is the beauty behind poetry which as a reader, one might have a different interpretations from another. In an analysis of â€Å"She walks in beauty† by Lord Byron and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare, they both have a unique distinction on how the words are used to project affections to their respective lover. The linguistic style of the poets diverges in their depiction the physical appearanceRead MoreHow the Poem Ozymandias Highlights the Fundamental Issue in the Film Watchmen1255 Words   |  6 PagesShakespearean sonnet. First, this poem is in pentameter and not the normal iambic pentameter found in Shakespearean derived sonnets. The majority of sonnets contain five iambs in a line which begins with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Howeve r this poem refuses to conform to such a pattern. For example in the start of line twelve of the poem, the â€Å"No† in the word â€Å"Nothing† is stressed rather than unstressed. Secondly, the poem has an unusual rhyme scheme. Most sonnets are dividedRead MorePoectic Analsis on Sonnet 18 Shakespeare2545 Words   |  11 PagesAppendix Sonnet 18 Shakespeare 1 Shall I compare thee to a summers day? 2 Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 3 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 4 And summers lease hath all too short a date: 5 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 6 And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 7 And every fair from fair sometime declines, 8 By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed: 9 But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 10 Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest, Read More17th Century Shakespeare Sonnet 331780 Words   |  8 Pages16th CENTURY SHAKESPEARE SONNET 33 Jackson Hawkins Ms. Sokash Honors English Literature Per 4 20 May 2015  Jackson Hawkins Ms. Sokash Honors English Literature Per-4 20 May 2015 In the early 16th century, the English language did not have the prestige as it does today. Many great works were written in other languages like Latin. One of the first major works to be written in English was Thomas More s Utopia which was originally written in Latin and finally translated into english in the

Corporate Communication and Public Relation in Hospitality Industry

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Communication and Public Relation in Hospitality Industry. Answer: Introduction This report is focused on exploring the concept of communication ability and public relationship particularly in hospitality industry. Specifically, this study has been explaining the aspects of importance of effective corporate communication skills and public relationship in tour and travel industry. Articulation of information effectively and efficiently in tour and travel industry is a must, because it is the only way to facilitate tour and travel services to the foreigners and people from different backgrounds (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Moreover, public relationship is a vital aspect that enhances the quality of services and performance of tour and travel organisations though prominent communication skills. On the other hand, it is very important to consider two main elements that is required to offer effectual travel and tour services to the client that is first, valuable organisational culture and second, understanding of intercultural communication. Organisational culture solv es the standard and vision related aspect of the company and motivates employees to cater their duties and responsibility in the most efficient way (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Likewise intercommunication communication describes the nature, attitude and behavioural pattern of the clients which provides an experienced and professional service to the client. Thus, this report is mainly exposing the information and benefits of having a successful organisational culture as well as intercultural analysis. Background Communication is basic requirement of any business especially when it is related to the hospitality or service sector. It helps in planning, organising, motivating, directing and controlling of the business functions. It is the foundation of information which provides effective decision making ability associated with the business operations. It helps in building strong culture in the organisation which is necessary to benefit the stakeholders of the company special internal that is employees (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Communication also helps a company in measuring, finding faults and altering the choice of actions accordingly. Likewise interpublic relationship delivers best team work of employees and employer of the organisation. It also strengthens the internal environment and bond between staff and management that directly affects the productivity and performance of the organisation. Interpublic relation is profoundly responsible for the organisational culture that influences the employees and their working behaviour and delivery of services to the customers (Martin and Chaney, 2012). This report enables johns Outback Adventure tour to carry out efficient communication skill and public relationship training aspect to improve the services and performance of the organisation (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Furthermore, the company situated in Sydney, Australia mainly has a clientele of Chinese people as they have the highest numbers in visitors in Australia from past recent years. Company offers various activities as an adventure trip and tour services in Australia which also includes tour of the outback. Thus, the training and recommendations regarding the convalescent the performance and quality of the services offered by Johns Outback Adventure is emphasised on the two main elements of communication and public relationship which is intercultural and organisational culture (Martin and Chaney, 2012). The main reason behind the chosen two of the elements is that it covers all other aspects of communication and interpublic relationship management within itself. The necessity of effective organisational culture caters a company various advantages such as increase in productivity, augmentation in employees loyalty, minimising the conflicts between employees and employer, it also strengthens the relationship and value of staff and management for each other (Alvesson, 2012). Furthermore, it helps in inspiring and encouraging the employees to implement new ideas and creative ways to finish a task that provides better performance in return plus it assists the management to delegate the work easily by setting goal and objectives clearly to the employees. Foremost, it accumulates equality and fair workplace environment between staff members (Alvesson, 2012). Therefore, lastly, accelerates effective communication articulation in work environment of the organisation. Along with this, today every business is providing their services worldwide especially tour and travel industry where foreign services are very essential for its growth and development. Every globalised service has a main element related to cultural exchange which cannot be ignored (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Communicating with other people with distinct background is difficult and could be failed if proper knowledge and information of their culture has not been taken. Thus, cultural differences can be minimised with the proper training and focused cultural program to deal with the different customers with dissimilar backgrounds (Martin and Chaney, 2012). In this case, company deals with majority of Chinese clients who are from different background and has various other attitude and etiquettes on corporate communication and business management. Thus, there expectation from the company as a tour service provider is also different and unlike Australian culture (Alvesson, 2012). Intercultural communication analysis pertaining to Chinese people Every business has some pivotal and special clients which Chinese people are mostly travel in the groups and with family and their perception for distinct experiences and adventurous outbacks are very different from other country citizens (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Thus, their behaviour, attitude and values are very different and should be acknowledged before offering them services. In this case, Chinese people are the key clients of the tour company. For this reason, Chinese culture and background knowledge is very essential for the employees who directly deal with them (Huang, 2011). Australian landscapes are plan and natural that provides great experience of road travels and famous as driving destination and offers various adventurous facilities like scuba diving, sky diving, jet boating, surfing, bungee jumping, camping, Wing suit flying, cave diving and hiking in the pleasant, diverse and natural beautiful places (Australia, 2017). This flexibility entices Chinese travellers to travel the country more often. People in adventurous travels are the independent Chinese travellers who enjoys adventurous and unlike experiences in Australia. Chinese people use heavy technological gazettes when they travel alone or in groups while travelling along with this they communicate with their group and community on a daily basis while travelling (Commisceo Global, 2017). Chinese people like to travel blogs with detailed information and try to make comprehensive understanding of travel sites and adventures. Thus, it can be depicted that they are prone to use online all the time and gives their massive time and money in internet interactions. Hence, providing high speed internet through Wi-Fi or local network is one of the most important aspects which have to be met when dealing with Chinese people (Hotel.com, 2015). Basically Chinese travellers that enjoy adventurous trips are from middle age group and young middle class which travel independently. They travel with their close relatives and family togeth er or their self organised group of same community. Through researches this has been explored that they travel for mid-longer period of time as around 20 days n so. Chinese people prefer rented campervans, motor homes from travel agents to roam around the Australian travel destinations as an adventure trip. Moreover, they prefer to be insured while travelling (Hotel.com, 2015). In addition to this, Chinese prefer quality and luxurious facilities such as caravan parks and other high standard facilities in their trip. Apart from this, Chinese people believes in lucky and unlucky numbers plus colours also symbolise that can bring bad luck and good luck. They are specific about certain animals and flowers characteristics that decide their choices and preferences. As an example they prefer same colour combination of containers with flower in the hotel room. The flower should be bloomed and attached with a budding flower (Hotel.com, 2015). The most preferred and understandable language by Chinese is Mandarin language that covers majority of Chinese tourists. Number 8 is considered as a prosperity number, whereas 4 number is denoted as bad luck. Similarly, red, yellow and orange colour is the indication and celebration and joy. On the other hand, white is used as a mourning or death symbol. Affluent Chinese travellers fascinates for grate and luxurious services (Hotel.com, 2015). They use humble and gentle worlds and prefer to be active and attentive services with good etiquettes and behaviour. They ha ve addiction of hot tea as a daily routine and want cattle in there room services as mandatory facility. Apart from this, slippers in every room with breakfast menu and entertainment or recreational TV stations videos in Chinese language plus any newspaper or magazine in Chinese language is also necessary as good hospitality to them (Hotel.com, 2015). They never travel with their toothbrush and toothpaste and demand from hotel as basic facility. They always give full attention o cleanliness and hygiene anywhere they travel. Golden week also known as October first week is best time, Chinese tourists travel around the world (Hotel.com, 2015). Chinese travellers buy expensive and branded stuffs wherever they go (Commisceo Global, 2017). They have special attachment with souvenirs to gift their close friends and family. Besides this, communication differences in the culture of Chinese and Australia is also wide. Chinese people are very punctual and give importance to time management. Appointments are necessary for the Chinese traveller and they book in advance for any trip and pay full attention to their itinerary. They have patience in their behaviour and keep great consideration to reviews and slow at negotiation pace (Commisceo Global, 2017). They tend to choose the best service according to their requirement and ratings and rank. They never ask direct question as they use intermediaries and gentle language. They are bit conservative in terms of cloths and information sharing (Commisceo Global, 2017). Ch inese travellers give high inclination to business cards. Developing an effective Organizational "Culture" Organisational culture is a vital aspect of hospitality industry because of direct interaction of staff members with the customer. To ensure the best quality of service it is mandatory for the service provider to emphasis on the valuable and efficient organisational culture which is rich in effective communication system and flexible interpublic relationship with the employees. It is a committed effort by the staff and management to provide best and quality service to the customers. The organisational culture of a company focuses on the delivery of quality service to the customers by reducing problems, hassles and deficiencies. The long term survival of the company is ensured on the organisational culture of the company. Organisational culture facilitates in attaining the long term goals and objectives of the company. It stimulates policies and standards of the company entailing the vision and mission to cater quality service to the customers (Hanania, 2012). Organisation culture hel ps in creating positive environment for the stakeholders and makes the company more reliable and credible towards its internal stakeholders. It makes the appealing environment for the customers as well as vendors and suppliers to deal and negotiate business. In this context, travel and tour agencies or organisations also needs effective and affective organisational culture to endow their quality services (Hanania, 2012). The organisational culture in the travelling agency is associated with the behaviour of management towards employees and employees with their customers. It is not a one day process but it initiates with the practices and standards set by the management. The customers should be treated as priority basis and their problems or enquiries should be considered as a prime obligation (Hanania, 2012). The culture difference and treatment of the customers should also be predefined by the members. The roles and responsibility of the employees should also be already explained to their respective staff member so that the confusion and problem of communication cannot be arising. In addition to this, the communication system of the organisation should be clear and sound which will also help the ultimate customer in acknowledging the in formation (Hanania, 2012). The operators and business dealers should know about the business etiquettes and attitude of different backgrounds of customers. As tour and travel organisations are meant to deal with local as well as international customers, the code of conducts and business communication system should be predefined by the staff members. Not only the front desk services should be provided as quality performance but also internally management should share same values and morality (Alvesson, 2012). The flexibility in the communication between the management and employees should be considered as key to solve queries and improving the customers services. Along with this, the employees benefits are considered coordinal so that internal satisfaction enhance the productivity and performance of staff members. Additionally, the motivational approaches and strategies should be implemented in order to inspire and boost the employees loyalty towards the company. Motivational techniques should also be use as a change in the policies and standards in case of improving the internal environment of the company. Furthermore, leadership skills are also use to influence the direction and vision of employees in achieving the aim of the company (Alvesson, 2012). It has also been observed that successful organisational culture helps the ma nagement in negotiating skills with the customers as well as its employees. It creates a favourable environment for the organisation that incorporates cultural difference and marketing of the organisation in prominent way. Organisational culture assists the company in collaboration and corporation with the employees and customers. As well as it aids the team enthusiasm in the workforce to achieve the same goal and objective (Schein, 2016). It also encourages time orientation in the management and influences the way of thinking optimistically. Conclusion In the above discussion, it can be concluded that an organisation with a hospitality background, communication and interpublic relationship aspects are very important. Communication is the most influential tool that can fail and provide success to the organisations. Services are improved with the certain changes in the communication system and public relationship to develop and growth of the company. Along with this, this report provides wide comprehension of the two aspects of travel and tour organisation to change the business operation. The improvement in the organisation can be made with the help of acknowledging the concept of intercultural communication where the agency deals with majority of the Chinese tourist. It includes their behaviour, beliefs and attitude that should be considered as a standard to deal with them. Additionally, effective organisational culture is a predominant element that provides motivation to the employees. The organisational culture is responsible for the quality of the services and productivity with increased performance of the staff that directly influences the customers service. Similarly, it helps in betterment of the relationship of employees and employees and ensures employees loyalty to the company. Thus, with this study it can be illustrated that role of communication bestows the enhancement in the quality of the services given by the tour and travel organisation. Nonetheless, this acknowledgement of information regarding intercultural communication aspects for Chinese people and building strong organisation cultural facilitates growth and success to the company. The company will be able to handle its operation more efficiently and effectively. Recommendation The above mentioned information is being used to develop a system that will help the company in maintaining its relationship with employee as well as customers of the company (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Tourist of Chinese background and culture are particularly kept in mind to ensure best quality services to them. For facilitating a secure and safe environment to the employees that will increase its productivity and performance is also described in this report. For the purpose of effectual and betterment of the systematic incorporation of communication and public relationship some of the recommendation are given below: The Chinese culture is a different type of other culture hence staff should be hired on the basis of familiarity with their Chinese culture. Along with this, the focus and mission of the organisation should be set clear with the employees so that their services will be directed in the same direction (Martin and Chaney, 2012). Moreover, need of the customer should be given as priority to increase responsive behaviour in the staff. Furthermore teamwork with the help of training and programmes are being enhanced. The knowledge about respective cultures and background of the customers should be cognized by the staff members. An environment which listens to their employees suggestion should be made to bring creativity and ideas in the strategy incorporation (Schein, 2016). Besides that, attending guest by the experts and experienced staff will high rank the agency (Schein, 2016). The response of the staff to the customer should be based on mirror technique that embroils dealing situation according to the behaviour of the customers. The services of the company should also be enhances with the integration of effective and advanced information technology to understand and offer services fast and reliable. This also enhances the clarity and credibility of the operation and helps in enhancing the communication more accurately (Schein, 2016). The motivational and leadership strategy should also implied by the organisation to boost the morale of the employees. At the same time, employees and employer relation should be maintained appropriately. References Alvesson, M. 2012. Understanding Organizational Culture. 2nd ed. Sage. Australia. 2017. Explore Australia. [Online] Available At: https://www.australia.com/en-in [Accessed on: 04 May 2017]. Commisceo Global. 2017. China Guide. [Online] Available At: https://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/china-guide [Accessed on: 04 May 2017]. Hanania, R. 2012. PoweR PR: Ethnic Activists Guide to Strategic Communications. Lulu.com. Hotel.com. 2015. Chinese International Travel Monitor 2015- Overview. [Online] Available At: https://www.citm2015.com/overview/ [Accessed on: 04 May 2017]. Huang, Y. 2011. Chinese Tour Guides Strategies in Intercultural CommunicationImplications for Language Teaching and Tourism Education. Journal of Language Teaching and Research 2(1), pp. 146-150. Martin, J. S., and Chaney, L. H. 2012. Global Business Etiquette: A Guide to International Communication and Customs. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO. Mohanty, A. 2015. Effective Team Building, Organisational Culture and Organisational Climate in Service Sector. International journal of English language, literature and humanities 3(7), pp. 499-516. Schein, E. H. 2016. Organizational Culture and Leadership. John Wiley Sons.